Research article // How Methods for Navigating Uncertainty Connect Science and Policy at the Water-Energy-Food Nexus
By Laurie Yung, Elena Louder, Louise A. Gallagher, Kristal Jones and Carina Wyborn. This paper builds upon recent work calling for a pragmatic and integrated approach to addressing uncertainty in complex systems research and adaptive management. The authors review and synthesize the ways that uncertainty is conceptualized in different analytic tools commonly used in nexus projects. They then present an analysis of applied nexus projects and how they integrate future uncertainty into analyses and decision-making. They provide an in-depth review of the LIVES (Linked Indicators for Vital Ecosystem Services) Cambodia project. This project conducted both qualitative and quantitative nexus modelling through a participatory process that integrated stakeholder knowledge of situated uncertainties into system dynamics model building and scenario development in support of sustainable development planning in the Mekong river basin. Based on an analysis of these nexus projects, this paper examines the barriers and opportunities for integrating quantitative modelling and qualitative futures thinking, and what that means for nexus governance and policy-making.
LIVES Cambodia participatory modelling exercise. © The authors
Abstract
As the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus becomes an increasingly common framework for bridging science and policy, there is a growing need to unpack and make explicit many of the methods and assumptions being used to operationalize the nexus. In this paper, we focus on two common approaches to nexus research, quantitative modelling and futures thinking, and the ways that each set of methodological tools address uncertainty. We first review the underlying assumptions of each approach with a focus on sources of and ability to measure uncertainty, and potential complementarities. Quantitative modelling takes a probabilistic approach to predict the likelihood of a specific outcome or future state based on estimates of current system dynamics. In contrast, futures thinking approaches, such as scenario processes, explore novel changes that cannot be fully predicted or even anticipated based on current understandings of the nexus. We then examine a set of applied nexus projects that bridge science and policy-making contexts to better understand practitioner experiences with different methodological tools and how they are utilized to navigate uncertainty. We explore one nexus case study, LIVES Cambodia, in-depth, to better understand the opportunities and challenges associated with participatory modelling and stakeholder engagement with uncertainty in a policy-making context. Across the cases, practitioners identify the complementarity between modelling and futures thinking approaches, and those projects that integrated both into the planning process experienced benefits from having multiple angles on uncertainty within the nexus. In particular, stakeholder engagement provided critical opportunities to address some types of uncertainties (e.g., data gaps) through the use of local knowledge. Explicit discussions of model uncertainty and the use of scenario processes also enabled stakeholders to deepen their understandings of uncertainties and envision policy pathways that would be robust to uncertainty. In many senses, models became boundary objects that encouraged critical thinking and questioning of assumptions across diverse stakeholders. And, for some nexus projects, confronting uncertainty in explicit and transparent ways build capacity for policy flexibility and adaptiveness. We conclude with a discussion of when and how these benefits can be fully realized through the strategic use of appropriate approaches to characterizing and navigating nexus uncertainty.
Keywords
water-energy-food, nexus, governance, modelling, futures thinking, scenario planning, stakeholder
engagement
Published
April 2019
By
frontiers in Environmental Sciences
Citation
Yung, L., Louder, E., Gallagher, L. A., Jones, K., & Wyborn, C. (2019). How Methods for Navigating Uncertainty Connect Science and Policy at the Water-Energy-Food Nexus. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00037
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How Methods for Navigating Uncertainty Connect Science and Policy at the Water-Energy-Food Nexus
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00037/full#supplementary-material
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