The Future Nexus of the Brahmaputra River Basin // Climate, Water, Energy and Food Trajectories
Advance knowledge of conflicting trajectories of water–energy–food (WEF) nexus is highly relevant for water policy and planning, especially for basins that cross national boundaries. The Brahmaputra River Basin in South Asia, home for 130 million people, is such a basin. This study presents a new hydro-economic water system model of the basin coupled with ex post scenario analysis under the “nexus thinking” concept to identify and illustrate where development paths are in conflict.
Abstract
Advance knowledge of conflicting trajectories of water–energy–food (WEF) nexus is highly relevant for water policy and planning, especially for basins that cross national boundaries. The Brahmaputra River Basin in South Asia, home for 130 million people, is such a basin. Development of new hydropower projects, upstream water diversions and possible climate changes introduce concerns among riparian countries about future water supply for energy and food production in the basin. This study presents a new hydro-economic water system model of the basin coupled with ex post scenario analysis under the “nexus thinking” concept to identify and illustrate where development paths are in conflict. Results indicate that the ability of future development to remain free of conflict hinges mostly on the amount of precipitation falling in the basin in the future. Uncertain future precipitation along with uncertain future temperature and the unknown amount of upstream water diversion combine to strongly influence future water, energy and food production in the basin. Specifically, decreases in precipitation coupled with large upstream diversions (e.g., diversion in the territory of China) would leave one or more riparian countries unable to secure enough water to produce their desired energy and food. Future climate projected by General Circulation Models suggest a warmer and wetter climate condition in the region, which is associated with an increase in streamflow and easing of conflicts at the WEF nexus in the basin. The methodology presented here is expected to be generally useful for diagnosing the conditions that may cause water resources development goals to not be achieved due to either changes in climate or water use among competing users.
Highlights
- This paper applied ex post scenario analysis under the “nexus thinking” concept to identify where development paths are in conflict in the Brahmaputra River.
- Results of the hydro-economic water system model quantify precipitation change is the dominant single driver that affect water–energy–food nexus in the basin.
- The combination of “temperature change and precipitation change” and “precipitation change and Chinese diversion” are two dominant drivers that affect water–energy–food nexus in the basin.
- Interactive parallel coordinate plots have been developed and made available as web-based decision support tools (e.g., http://people.umass.edu/yceyang/ChinaWEF.html).
Authors
- Y.C. Ethan Yang, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Sungwook Wi, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Patrick A.Ray, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Casey M. Brown, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Abedalrazq F. Khalil, The World Bank, Washington DC, USA
This is a publication of Complex Adaptive Water Systems (CAWS).
Complex Adaptive Water Systems (CAWS)
CAWS is a group of scientists (and scientists-to-be) in Lehigh University, Bethlehem PA USA, who use different quantitative approaches to solve the complex water management issues around the world. We are physically located in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Lehigh University. CAWS's most recent projects focus on the dynamic interaction (or Nexus) among food, energy, water, and environment at different spatial and temporal scales. They use the Agent-based modeling (ABM) approach coupled with progress-based models to evaluate both natural and human behavior uncertainty in a Couple Natural-Human complex system.
Download
ScienceDirect website (open access)
Published
January 2016
Published in
Global Environmental Change, Volume 37, March 2016, Pages 16-30